In this penetrating study, Fr. Vincent Miceli examines the philosophical roots of modern atheism and argues that the rejection of the true God inevitably leads to the creation of false substitutes. Analyzing the thought of key Enlightenment figures, he traces how their ideas reshaped culture, politics, and religion, often replacing transcendence with self-made absolutes. With theological depth and cultural insight, he exposes the dangers of “practical atheism” that dilutes faith while retaining its language. This incisive work helps readers understand the spiritual currents of a post-Christian age and equips them to remain steadfast in devotion to the one true God.